ExactAntigen

Stem Cell Markers
Stem cell markers are organized in this webpage. Most antibody suppliers provide antibodies for various stem cell markers. The following table is organized to help stem cell researchers locate most suitable reagents for stem cell markers. It lists those markers commonly used in stem cell research. Links are provided to the antibody review webpages where those antibodies that have been used in peer-reviewed, and open-access publications are summarized. You can click the link under 'more reviews' to read the summarys or click the gene name link to know more about the specific gene in NCBI or click the link 'antibody' to search for reagents for that gene.
Gene Detail Sample Publication Sample Review Summary
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein

antibody
AFP is expressed during early endodermal differentiation. Total number: 2
Lesley Gerrard et al. Stably transfected human embryonic stem cell clones express OCT4-specific green fluorescent protein and maintain self-renewal and pluripotency. 2005 about this paper
Sigma alpha-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody was used in immunocytochemistry to study OCT4 express in human embryonic stem cell clones . more reviews
ALPP
alkaline phosphatase

antibody
ALPP is expressed at a high level in pluripotent stem cells. The level decreases during differentiation. Total number: 2
Rolf I Skotheim et al. NKX3.1 expression is lost in testicular germ cell tumors. 2003 about this paper
Novocastra Laboratories monoclonal PLAP antibody (clone 8A9) was used in immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that NKX3.1 is essential for normal testis function and its loss of expression is highly associated with the invasive phenotype of testicular germ cell tumors. more reviews
BMP4
bone morphogenetic protein-4

antibody
BMP4 is expressed during early mesoderm formation and differentiation. Total number: 2
Martin Moser et al. BMPER, a novel endothelial cell precursor-derived protein, antagonizes bone morphogenetic protein signaling and endothelial cell differentiation. 2003 about this paper
Chemicon BMP4 antibody was used in western blot to characterize BMPER. more reviews
FOXD3
genesis

antibody
FOXD3 is only expressed in undifferentiated stem cells.
GATA4
GATA-4

antibody
GATA4 has elevated expression during endodermic differentiation. Total number: 2
Q Liang et al. The transcription factor GATA4 is activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1- and 2-mediated phosphorylation of serine 105 in cardiomyocytes. 2001 about this paper
Santa Cruz anti-GATA4 antibody was used in western blot to study it activation by ERK1/2 in cardiomyocytes. more reviews
HNF4A
hepatocyte nuclear factor-4

antibody
HNF4A is expressed in early endoderm formation. Total number: 4
Wen-Jye Lin et al. Suppression of hepatitis B virus core promoter by the nuclear orphan receptor TR4. 2003 about this paper
Santa Cruz Biotechnology goat anti-HNF4alpha polyclonal antibody was used in western blot to study the suppression of hepatitis B virus core promoter by the nuclear orphan receptor TR4. more reviews
KITLG
stem cell factor

antibody
KITLG is the ligand of c-Kit, and it enhances proliferation of embryonic, hematopoietic, and mesenchymal stem cells. Total number: 3
Maki Kakurai et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and cytokines enhance stem cell factor production from epidermal keratinocytes DJM-1. 2002 about this paper
R&D Systems SCF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit(QuantikineR, Human SCF Immunoassay) was used to study the possible role of stem cell factor in atopic dermatitis by analyzing epidermal stem cell factor production induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and cytokines. more reviews
NCAM1
neuronal cell-adhesion molecule

antibody
NCAM1 is expressed during primitive neuroectoderm formation. Total number: 20
A Persson et al. A human protein atlas based on antibody proteomics. 2006 about this paper
Serotec NCAM1 antibody was tested in immunohistochemistry by HPA (CAB000142). more reviews
NES
nestin

antibody
NES is expressed during primitive neuroectoderm formation. Total number: 4
Xiaoping Chen et al. Dedifferentiation of adult human myoblasts induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor in vitro. 2005 about this paper
Chemicon anti-nestin antibody was used in immunocytochemistry to study the role of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to induce the dedifferenciation of adult human myoblasts via p44/p42 MAPK pathway in vitro. more reviews
NR6A1
germ cell nuclear factor

antibody
NR6A1 is expressed in stem cells.
PAX6
Pax6

antibody
PAX6 transcription factor is expressed during neuroepithelium formation. Total number: 4
Oleg Grinchuk et al. The Optimedin gene is a downstream target of Pax6. 2005 about this paper
Covance rabbit anti-Pax6 polyclonal IgG was used in western blot, EMSA and CHIP assay to identidy the optimedin gene as a downstream target of Pax6.. more reviews
PODXL
GCTM-2

antibody
PODXL is expressed by undifferentiated stem cells. Total number: 2
Constantinos G Economou et al. Enhanced podocalyxin expression alters the structure of podocyte basal surface. 2004 about this paper
David B. Kershaw (University of Michigan) human PC 3D3 monoclonal antibody (against part of the extracellular domain of PC base pairs 1004-1492) was used in western blot, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and blocking or activating expriments to study the effect of podocalyxin expression on podocyte basal surface. more reviews
POU5F1
Oct-4

antibody
POU5F1 is essential for establishment and maintenance of undifferentiated stem cells. Total number: 1
Lesley Gerrard et al. Stably transfected human embryonic stem cell clones express OCT4-specific green fluorescent protein and maintain self-renewal and pluripotency. 2005 about this paper
Santa Cruz Biotechnology OCT4 monoclonal antibody was used in immunocytochemistry to study OCT4 express in human embryonic stem cell clones . more reviews
T
Brachyury

antibody
T is expressed during the earliest phases of mesoderm formation and differentiation. Total number: 1
A Persson et al. A human protein atlas based on antibody proteomics. 2006 about this paper
Atlas Antibodies antibody was tested in immunohistochemistry by HPA (HPA003322).
TDGF1
Cripto

antibody
TDGF1 is expressed by embryonic stem cells, primitive ectoderm, and developing cardiomyocyte Total number: 2
Heather B Adkins et al. Antibody blockade of the Cripto CFC domain suppresses tumor cell growth in vivo. 2003 about this paper
Michele Sanicola (Biogen, Massachusetts) mouse monoclonal Cripto antibody was used in western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA to study Cripto roles in tumor cell growth in vivo. more reviews
TERT
telomerase

antibody
TERT adds TTAGGG to the ends of telomeres, and can be used to identify stem cells. Total number: 4
Juan Wang et al. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalizes bovine lens epithelial cells and suppresses differentiation through regulation of the ERK signaling pathway. 2005 about this paper
Alpha Diagnostic anti-hTERT antibody was used in immunoprecipitation to study the immortalization of bovine lens epithelial cells by human telomerase reverse transcriptase. more reviews
TNFRSF8
CD30

antibody
TNFRSF8 is only expressed on pluripotent stem cells. Total number: 3
Martin Kleinhans et al. Functional expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 in CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 2003 about this paper
DAKO FITC-conjugated antihuman CD30 (Ki-1) monoclonal antibody was used in flow cytometry to study the eotaxin receptor CCR3 expression in CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. more reviews
VIM
vimentin

antibody
VIM is expressed during primitive neuroectoderm formation. Total number: 23
Rachel C Chambers et al. Global expression profiling of fibroblast responses to transforming growth factor-beta1 reveals the induction of inhibitor of differentiation-1 and provides evidence of smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. 2003 about this paper
Sigma mouse anti-human monoclonal vimentin antibody (V6630) was used in western blot and immunocytochemistry to study transforming growth factor-beta responses in smooth muscle cell . more reviews
stage-specific embryonic antigen-3

antibody
SSEA-3 is specifically expressed during early embryonic development.
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4

antibody
SSEA-4 is specifically expressed during early embryonic development.


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