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Phosphotyrosine Antibody
This is a review about phosphotyrosine antibodies (phospho-tyrosine antibodies), based on 29 pusblished articles using phosphotyrosine antibodies in western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and other immunological technologies. There are numerous publications using phosphotyrosine antibodies. The review is aimed to facilitate ExactAntigen visitors to locate the most suited phosphotyrosine antibodies. Phosphotyrosine antibodies from different suppliers can be searched here.

Tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the major means of cell signaling transduction and enzymatic activity regulation. The advent of anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies is one of significant events in signal transduction research. Before the availability of anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, tyrosyl phospyhorylation of proteins and enzymes was investigated through hazardous and time-consuming radioactive experiments. Anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies are commonly used in western blots after the targeted proteins have been immunoprecipitated to measure the tyrosyl phosphorylation of the proteins. Anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies are also directly used on cell lysate to examine the overall change of tyrosine phosphorylation level in reponse to various treatments.

Sigma
In 2001, L You used Sigma monoclonal phosphotyrosine antibody in western blot to study migration and signal transduction induced by cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in corneal epithelial cells. Inseparate experiments, Ret and paxillin proteins were immunoprecipated by their respective antibodies, and their tyrosyl phosphorylation was evaluated in Western blot using Sigma phosphotyrosine antibody as the probe.

Cell Signaling Technology/New England Biolabs
New England Biolabs mouse antiphosphotyrosine (P-Tyr100; 9411) antibody was used in western blot to study the effects of IFN tau on STAT activation, expression, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation in an ovine endometrial epithelial cell line by D M Stewart in 2001.

Amersham Biosciences
Amersham Biosciences monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody was used in western blot to study insulin receptor catalytic activity inhibition by in 2002.

ICN Biomedicals
Yutaka Masuda in 2004 used ICN Biomedicals monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody PY20 in western blot to study the involvement of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) in beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikon-induced apoptosis.

Oncogene Research Products
Oncogene Research Products anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody (PY20) was used in western blot to study that adhesion or Plasmin regulates Tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel membrane glycoprotein p80/gp140/CUB domain-containing protein 1 in Epithelia by Tod A Brown in 2004.

Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz antiphosphotyrosine (anti-pTyr) antibody was used in western blots to study the downregulation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by S Elowe in 2001, and to study the role of beta-arrestin in ubiquitination and IGF-1 receptor down-regulation by Leonard Girnita in 2005. Its PY20 anti-phosphotyrosine antibody was used in immunoprecipitation to study the IL-2 production and proliferation in human T cells inhibited by the cell-cell adhesion molecule carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 by Charng-Jui Chen 2004. Matthew N Poy in 2002 also used anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (PY20) in immunoprecipitation to study the regulation of insulin mitogenic action by Shc and CEACAM1 interaction.

Transduction Laboratories
Koichi Seta in 2003 used Transduction Laboratories horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody (RC20H) in western blot to study the angiotensin II-induced trans-activation of the EGF receptor and found that the transactivation was mediated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 319 of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. The same clone was used by C Sweeney in 2001 in western blot to examine ErbB receptor-mediated signaling pathway stimulation and gene expression. Wen Hong Shen et al.in 2004 used a different Transduction Laboratories mouse anti-phosphotyrosine clone (PY20) in both western blot and immunoprecipitation to study cyclin A expression and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation. In addition, Transduction Laboratories polyclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody was used in immunoprecipitation to study vasopressin-induced signal transduction in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells by Kenneth L Byron in 2002.

Upstate Biotechnology/Millipore
Upstate Biotechnology seems to have been providing some of most commonly used anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies, including the most commonly used clone 4G10. Among 29 publications reviewed, 20 of them employed Upstate anti-phospho-tyrosine antibodies in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemistry. Among papers published in 2001, K Aoyama used 4G10 in western blot to study a novel dual specificity phosphatase, LMW-DSP2; K Sauer et al. used 4G10 in western blot to examine the interaction of HPK1 with BLNK in B cells and with SLP-76 in T cells, A E Aplin et al. used 4G10 in western blot to study the regulation of ERK nuclear translocation and Elk-1 phosphorylation by integrin-mediated adhesion; H Konishi et al. used it in western blot to study the tyrosine phosphorylation sites of PKC delta in the H2O2-treated cells; C C Chen used both clone PY-20 and clone 4G10 in western blot and immunocytochemistry to study the induction of adhesive signaling in primary human skin fibroblasts; C Gilbert used 4G10 in immunoprecipitation to evaluate the SAM68 roles in signal transduction during human neutrophil phagocytosis. In 2002, clone 4G10 was used in western blots by Matthew N Poy to study the mitogenic action of insulin regulated by Shc and CEACAM1 interaction, by Kenneth L Byron to examine vasopressin signal transduction in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells, by Diane Lejeune et al. to study STAT3 serine phosphorylation, and in immunocytochemistry by Ann L Moor to localize tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC (pY-PLC) in HTC cells. In 2003, Yosuke Minami et al. conducted western blot experiments with Upstate Biotechnology antiphosphotyrosine antibody to differentiate the antiapoptotic pathways between wild-type and mutated FLT3; K C Leung et al. used 4G10 in western blot to study the inhibiting effects of estrogen on transcriptional action of GH through the SOCS-2 mediated JAK/STAT pathway; John H Griffin used 4G10 in western blot to study a fusion kinase in EOL-1 cells and the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Matthew L Jones in 2004 used 4G10 to immunoprecipitate phosphorylated SHP-1 proteins; Tod A Brown used anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody in western blot to elucidate the tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel membrane glycoprotein p80/gp140/CUB domain-containing protein 1 in epithelia; Charng-Jui Chen et al. used 4G10 in western blot and immunocytochemistry to investiget the inhibition of IL-2 production and proliferation in human T cells by carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1. In 2005, Upstate Biotechnology anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies were used in western blots to examine the Rac-MKK3/6-p38 pathway in breast epithelial cells by Ilchung Chin, the regulation of the endothelial cell response to Ang-1 through stable interaction between alpha5beta1 integrin and Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor by Ilaria Cascone et al., the direct interaction between human CNK1 and Raf-1 by Algirdas Ziogas et al., and T-cell receptor-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 by a sequence-independent function of the P-I region of SLP-76 by Ronnie Gonen et al..

Articles reviewed
Aoyama, K et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dual specificity phosphatase, LMW-DSP2, that lacks the cdc25 homology domain. 2001.
Aplin, A E et al. Integrin-mediated adhesion regulates ERK nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Elk-1. 2001.
Béréziat, Veronique et al. Inhibition of insulin receptor catalytic activity by the molecular adapter Grb14. 2002.
Brown, Tod A et al. Adhesion or plasmin regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel membrane glycoprotein p80/gp140/CUB domain-containing protein 1 in epithelia. 2004.
Byron, Kenneth L et al. Signal transduction of physiological concentrations of vasopressin in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. A role for PYK2 and tyrosine phosphorylation of K+ channels in the stimulation of Ca2+ spiking. 2002.
Cascone, Ilaria et al. Stable interaction between alpha5beta1 integrin and Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor regulates endothelial cell response to Ang-1. 2005.
Chen, C C et al. The angiogenic factors Cyr61 and connective tissue growth factor induce adhesive signaling in primary human skin fibroblasts. 2001.
Chen, Charng-Jui et al. The cell-cell adhesion molecule carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 inhibits IL-2 production and proliferation in human T cells by association with Src homology protein-1 and down-regulates IL-2 receptor. 2004.
Elowe, S et al. Downregulation of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by the EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is required for ephrin-induced neurite retraction. 2001.
Gilbert, C et al. Evidence for a role for SAM68 in the responses of human neutrophils to ligation of CD32 and to monosodium urate crystals. 2001.
Girnita, Leonard et al. {beta}-Arrestin is crucial for ubiquitination and down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by acting as adaptor for the MDM2 E3 ligase. 2005.
Gonen, Ronnie et al. T cell receptor-induced activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 depends on a sequence-independent function of the P-I region of SLP-76. 2005.
Griffin, John H et al. Discovery of a fusion kinase in EOL-1 cells and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. 2003.
Jones, Matthew L et al. Regulation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase in human platelets by serine phosphorylation at its C terminus. 2004.
Konishi, H et al. Phosphorylation sites of protein kinase C delta in H2O2-treated cells and its activation by tyrosine kinase in vitro. 2001.
Lejeune, Diane et al. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) activates the JAK/STAT, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinase pathways in a rat hepatoma cell line. Pathways that are shared with and distinct from IL-10. 2002.
Leung, K C et al. Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2. 2003.
Masuda, Yutaka et al. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) in apoptosis induced by beta-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin. 2004.
Minami, Yosuke et al. Different antiapoptotic pathways between wild-type and mutated FLT3: insights into therapeutic targets in leukemia. 2003.
Moore, Ann L et al. Calcium mobilization evoked by hepatocellular swelling is linked to activation of phospholipase Cgamma. 2002.
Poy, Matthew N et al. Shc and CEACAM1 interact to regulate the mitogenic action of insulin. 2002.
Sauer, K et al. Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 associates physically and functionally with the adaptor proteins B cell linker protein and SLP-76 in lymphocytes. 2001.
Seta, Koichi et al. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 319 of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates angiotensin II-induced trans-activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. 2003.
Shen, Wen Hong et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits cyclin A expression and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation triggered by insulin-like growth factor-I induction of new E2F-1 synthesis. 2004.
Shin, Ilchung et al. H-Ras-specific activation of Rac-MKK3/6-p38 pathway: its critical role in invasion and migration of breast epithelial cells. 2005.
Stewart, D M et al. Interferon-tau activates multiple signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins and has complex effects on interferon-responsive gene transcription in ovine endometrial epithelial cells. 2001.
Sweeney, C et al. Growth factor-specific signaling pathway stimulation and gene expression mediated by ErbB receptors. 2001.
You, L et al. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-induced migration and signal transduction in corneal epithelial cells. 2001.
Ziogas, Algirdas et al. CNK1 is a scaffold protein that regulates Src-mediated Raf-1 activation. 2005.
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