APP Antibody

ExactAntigen

APP Antibody

This is a review about APP and Abeta antibodies, based on published articles using APP and Abeta antibodies in western blot, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and other immunological technologies, and with APP gene as their primary research focus. It is aimed to facilitate ExactAntigen visitors to locate the most suited APP/Abeta antibodies. In the curated ExacAntigen monoclonal antibody database with 18,000 products, APP monoclonal antibody can be purchased from most major antibody suppliers. Other APP reagents, and more information about APP gene can be found in an ExactAntigen webpage dedicated to APP gene.

Abeta deposit is the major constituent of senile plaque found in Alzheimer's patient brains, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The short peptide Abeta is generated through the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the sequential actions of beta- and gamma-secretases. Extremely extensive research has been done on all facets of A-beta/APP biochemistry, cell biology, pathology, and a large number of the reagents exist for both APP and the Abeta peptide. Monoclonal antibody 6E10 clone appeared in several publications and can be purchased from a number of suppliers including Sigma.

Sigma
Gianni, Davide et al. in 2003 used anti-APP monoclonal antibody (6E10) (catalog number A1474) in western blots (1:1000) to investigate the effect of PDGF on the beta-gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein through a Src-Rac-dependent pathway. Xie, Zhongcong et al. in 2005 used Sigma antibody A8717 (1:1000 dilution), a rabbit polyclonal antibody against synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal of human APP695 (amino acids 676-695), to observe different forms of APP, APP-FL (110 kDa), APP-C83 (12 kDa), and APP-C99 (10 kDa) in western blots.

Chemicon
In Muresan, Zoia et al. 2004 study, a rabbit anti-APP (AB5352), raised to a nine amino acid peptide from the carboxy-terminus of APP, was used in immunocytochemical study. This antibody labeled the cell body and processes of CAD cells. A mouse anti-APP (MAB348, clone 22C11),recognizing an amino-terminal epitope in APP, was tested in the same study. This monoclonal antibody was also used in a 2003 Sun, Yu 2003 study on the effect of liver X receptor target genes on cellular amyloid beta peptide secretion to detect cellular APP. Zambrano, N et al. (2001) in the study of tyrosine phosphorylation of APP by Abl protoncogene used Chemicon anti-APP monoclonal antibody 22C11 in western blot experiments to confirm the immunoprecipitated APP. The same 22C11 antibody was used in Matsuda, Shuji et al. 2005 research on the familial dementia. Chemicon anti-APP-N-terminal monoclonal 22C11 and anti-Abeta 1-17 monoclonal 6E10 were used in Hu, Qubai et al. 2005 study on endoproteolytic cleavage of FE65 in primates.

Signet Abeta Antibody and ELISA
Signet Abeta ELISA assay was used to measure Abeta40 and Abeta42 concentrations in microvessel lysate in a 2004 study by Morelli, Laura et al. titled "Insulin-degrading enzyme in brain microvessels: proteolysis of amyloid {beta} vasculotropic variants and reduced activity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy". In Muresan, Zoia et al. 2004 study, a rabbit anti-rodent Abeta and mouse anti-human Abeta (4G8) (both from Signet) were tested. Matsuda, Shuji et al. 2005 research on the familial dementia used clone 6E10 from Signet. The same clone was used in Tamboli, Irfan Y et al. 2005 publication "Inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis reduces secretion of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta-peptide" and in Cam, Judy A et al. 2005 publication 'Rapid endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates cell surface distribution and processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein".

Zymed -- Biosource -- Invitrogen
Gianni, Davide et al. in 2003 used anti-APP monoclonal antibody (CT695) in western blot (1:1000) to investigate the effect of PDGF on the beta-gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein through a Src-Rac-dependent pathway. LesnÃ©, Sylvain et al. in 2003 publication of "transforming growth factor-beta 1 potentiates amyloid-beta generation in astrocytes and in transgenic mice", used a secondary antibody against the C-terminal extremity (40 or 42 end) of Abeta from Biosource in an ELISA assay. Matsuda, Shuji et al. 2005 research on the familial dementia used clone p2-1 from Biosource.

Cell Signaling Technology
In Muresan, Zoia et al. 2004 study, a Cell Signaling rabbit anti-APP (2451), raised against a KLH coupled synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr668 of human APP695, recognized the phosphorylated, but not the non-phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of APP in western blot, and possibly in immunocytochemical studies. Another polyclonal antibody (2452), raised to a non-phosphorylated, synthetic polypeptide that encompassed residues surrounding Thr668 of APP695, detected full-length APP and carboxy-terminal cleavage products of APP, in both non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated state. The antibody also heavily labeled the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi region of CAD cells.

KMI Diagnostics
In Matsuda, Shuji et al. 2005 research on the familial dementia, Abeta 40 and Abeta 42 in the media were measured using human KMI Diagnostics ELISA kits (KMI).

Senetek
Zambrano, N et al. (2001) in the study of typrosine phosphorylation of beta-amyloid precursor protein APP by Abl protoncogene used Senetek anti-APP monoclonal antibodies 4G8 and 6E10 to immunoprecipitate APP from COS7 lysates

Takeda
Moir, Robert D et al. in 2005 used a Takeda Abeta 11-28 antibody to capture plasma Abeta 40 and Abeta 42 to solid phase, and measured Abeta40 and Abeta42 plasma levels with Takeda BA27 (Abeta 40 specific) or Takeda BC05 (Abeta 42-specific) antibodies.

Miscellaneous
In 2003 Lleo, Alberto study on Notch1 competition with the amyloid precursor protein for gamma-secretase and regulation of presenilin-1 gene expression, A-beta antibodies BNT77 against Abeta 11-28, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated BA27 for Abeta 1-40, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated BC05 for Abeta 35-43 were from Takeda Pharmaceuticals in ELISA assay, and APP C8 antibody in western blot (1:500) was from Dr. D. J. Selkoe. Kinoshita, Ayae et al. (2003) used the same APP C8 antibody in their publication on transactivation modulation by the intracellular domain of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein through amyloid precursor protein and Fe65. In 2003 Hol, Elly M et al study on frameshifted beta-amyloid precursor protein, a rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared against the AMY6 peptide (YNVPGHERMGRGRTSSKELA), representing the final 19 amino acids of APP+1. The same study used a monoclonal antibody (22C11) directed against amino acids 66 to 81 of the N terminus of APP. Brown, Stephen T et al. (2005) in their publication "Hypoxic augmentation of Ca2+ channel currents requires a functional electron transport chain" used a monoclonal antibody (provided by Elan Pharmaceuticals, raised against Abeta 1-5) for immunohistochemical study. Cam, Judy A et al. in 2005 used a C-terminal APP antibody BC1 (recognizes amino acids 704-730 from Barbara Cordell (Scios).

Note: The large number of publications, and large number of available antibodies preclude any possibility of either completeness of the data or the accuracy of information.

Articles reviewed
Muresan, Zoia et al. (2004) A phosphorylated, carboxy-terminal fragment of beta-amyloid precursor protein localizes to the splicing factor compartment Hum Mol Genet 13:475-88.
Morelli, Laura et al. (2004) Insulin-degrading enzyme in brain microvessels: proteolysis of amyloid {beta} vasculotropic variants and reduced activity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy J Biol Chem 279:56004-13.
LleÃ³, Alberto et al. (2003) Notch1 competes with the amyloid precursor protein for gamma-secretase and down-regulates presenilin-1 gene expression J Biol Chem 278:47370-5.
Hol, Elly M et al. (2003) Frameshifted beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP+1) is a secretory protein, and the level of APP+1 in cerebrospinal fluid is linked to Alzheimer pathology J Biol Chem 278:39637-43.
Kinoshita, Ayae et al. (2003) The intracellular domain of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates transactivation mediated by amyloid precursor protein and Fe65 J Biol Chem 278:41182-8.
Sun, Yu et al. (2003) Expression of liver X receptor target genes decreases cellular amyloid beta peptide secretion J Biol Chem 278:27688-94.
Gianni, Davide et al. (2003) Platelet-derived growth factor induces the beta-gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein through a Src-Rac-dependent pathway J Biol Chem 278:9290-7.
LesnÃ©, Sylvain et al. (2003) Transforming growth factor-beta 1 potentiates amyloid-beta generation in astrocytes and in transgenic mice J Biol Chem 278:18408-18.
Zambrano, N et al. (2001) The beta-amyloid precursor protein APP is tyrosine-phosphorylated in cells expressing a constitutively active form of the Abl protoncogene J Biol Chem 276:19787-92.
Matsuda, Shuji et al. (2005) The familial dementia BRI2 gene binds the Alzheimer gene amyloid-beta precursor protein and inhibits amyloid-beta production J Biol Chem 280:28912-6.
Tamboli, Irfan Y et al. (2005) Inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis reduces secretion of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta-peptide J Biol Chem 280:28110-7
Brown, Stephen T et al. (2005) Hypoxic augmentation of Ca2+ channel currents requires a functional electron transport chain J Biol Chem 280:21706-12
Moir, Robert D et al. (2005) Autoantibodies to redox-modified oligomeric Abeta are attenuated in the plasma of Alzheimer's disease patients J Biol Chem 280:17458-63
Cam, Judy A et al. (2005) Rapid endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates cell surface distribution and processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein J Biol Chem 280:15464-70.
Xie, Zhongcong et al. (2005) RNA interference-mediated silencing of X11alpha and X11beta attenuates amyloid beta-protein levels via differential effects on beta-amyloid precursor protein processing J Biol Chem 280:15413-21.
Hu, Qubai et al. (2005) Endoproteolytic cleavage of FE65 converts the adaptor protein to a potent suppressor of the sAPPalpha pathway in primates J Biol Chem 280:12548-58.

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